Evaluation of Cardiac Markers and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Blood of New Zealand White Rabbits Exposed to Dichlorvos by Inhalation
C.C. Ozoemena *
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: The study Evaluates Cardiac Markers and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Blood of New Zealand white Rabbits exposed to Dichlorvos by Inhalation.
Study Design: This is an experimental study.
Methodology: A total of twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits, two months old weighing between 1.0 and 1.2 kg, were used for the study. They were divided into three (3) groups, each consisting of four (4) rabbits and a corresponding number of matched controls, for long-term toxicological effects of dichlorvos on the rabbits (30 days, 60 days and 90 days). The rabbits received ten (10%) of the LD50 dose. The LD50 dose was 0.5 mg/m3, while 10% of the median lethal dose of dichlorvos which was 0.05 mg/m3 was diluted with 1.0 milliliter of distilled water. It was administered by spraying in a closed cage \containing the rabbits every day for thirty, sixty, and ninety days. At the end of each month, a set of rabbits in the experimental group with their matched control were sacrificed using chloroform. Five milliliters (5 mls) of blood was collected from each rabbit at the stipulated period for CK-MB, Troponin I, and lactate dehydrogenase using ELISA machine. Data generated were expressed as mean +SD. ANOVA and Tukeys multiple comparison test were used to compare the results between means of groups. Variation in mean of parameters were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed significant increases at p<0.05 in the levels of CK-MB, troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase from day 30-90-days in the experimental groups as shown respectively: (394.50±10.08 IU/L), (0.96±0.10 IU/L) and (2443.80±10.01 IU/L); (515.300±30.04 IU/L), (1.78±0.05 IU/L)and (281.00±6.68 IU/L); (822.50±31.44 IU/L), (5.90±0.86 IU/L) and (320.00±11.60 IU/L) when compared with the control groups (210.50±21.84 IU/L), (0.41±0.03 IU/L) and (176.50±13.50 IU/L) respectively.
Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that dichlorvos raised the levels of the cardiac markers - CK-MB, troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase. This is an indication that dichlorvos is capable causing tissue injury and cardiac damage. The effects were proportional to the duration of dichlorvos exposure on the rabbits.
Keywords: Chronic toxicological effects, 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (Sniper), Rabbits, ELISA, lactate dehydrogenase