Early Detection for Congenital Heart Disease among Elementary School Students by Using a Simple Predictor Score Called Si-Biru
Valerinna Yogibuana
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Ayu Pramitha Wulandari *
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl.Veteran, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Heny Martini
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
M. Saifur Rohman
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Budi Satrijo
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Wella Karolina
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Anna Fuji Rahimah
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Indra Prasetya
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Veny Mayangsari
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Adhika Prasetya
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Shalahuddin Suryo Baskoro
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl.Veteran, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Indra Jabbar Aziz
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl.Veteran, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Bunga Bella Pratiwi
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl.Veteran, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Muhtar Adi Kusuma
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Malang, East Java, Indonesia and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl.Veteran, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: Screening for CHD in schoolchildren is not yet established in low-and-middle-income countries, particularly in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to establish simple CHD screening methods by using a questionnaire called Si-BIRU (Blue, Respiratory infection, failUre to thrive), among elementary students.
Study Design: Descriptive-analytic using a retrospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Four elementary schools in Kepanjen District, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. between January 2023 and December 2023.
Methodology: A total of 1.008 school students were screened within a month. Data management was carried out using the SPSS 25.0 program. Independent sample t-test was and chi-square were used to compare continuous data and categorical data between the two groups, respectively.
Results: As many as 26 (2.57%) students were detected to have cardiac abnormalities. Of which, 18 students (72 %) had abnormal valves, 12 students (24 %) had congenital septal defects consisting of 3 students (12%) with atrial septal defects, 2 students (8 %) with patent foramen ovale (PFO), and 1 cyanotic student (4 %) with transposition of a great artery (TGA). Male students had a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal electrocardiogram findings (64%) compared to female students (36%), p = 0.085.
Conclusion: This study shows that a questionnaire called “Si-BIRU” can be a simple and effective method for early screening and detection of CHD. The cut-off score of ≥2 had high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (92.1%) of Si-BIRU.
Keywords: Congenital heart disease, heart, screening, Indonesia, intervention